Assessment of Soil Degradation and Hazards of Some Heavy Metals, Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in the Northern Part of the Nile Delta, Egypt

Soil degradation and pollution is one of the main problems threatening sustainable development agriculture. This study used remote sensing geographic information system (GIS) techniques to assess risks soil heavy metals in some soils north Nile Delta. The area suffers from salinity, alkalinity, water logging, so a spatial model was used. Relying on landsat ETM+ images digital elevation (DEM), it possible produce geomorphological map, showed that studied consists two landscapes, i.e., flood plain lacustrine plain. results indicated salinization, alkalization, compaction, logging were types area. land 16.61% affected by low degrees degradation, 74.03% moderate degrees, 9.36% high degradation. chemical between at 90.62% 9.37%, respectively, while physical varied low, moderate, high, very with percentages 41.53%, 40.14%, 8.93%, respectively. environmental assessed using indices including, enrichment factor (EF), load index (PLI), potential ecological risk (PER).